Building the Five R/Five Stakeholder Research Framework: Understanding Engaged Learning in the Business School

Abstract

In an era of social marketing, universities and business schools must evidence value creation for diverse stakeholders. This study's purpose is to review the relevant literature, and to determine the most valued service and engaged-learning outcomes among five stakeholder groups of universities and business schools; students, faculty, universities, community clients, and communities at large. Juxtaposed with the philosophical foundation of the Five Rs of service and engaged learning (reciprocity, reflection, reality, responsibility, and rewards of synergy), a theoretical framework is developed to aid future research in service and engaged-learning pedagogy. Outcomes, benefits and gaps identified for future research are also discussed.